Category: Custodial Death

The Roanoke Police Department filed a custodial death report with the State of Texas regarding the death of John Allen Ellingwood. Mr. Ellingwood was 46 years old at the time of his death. We provide in this post information we obtained from that report, and we do not allege that anyone did anything wrong and which caused Mr. Ellingwood’s death.

The summary portion of the custodial death report was relatively short, and it read in its entirety:

“Ellingwood was arrested for Possession Controlled Substance PG 1 < 1G and Evading Arrest Detention. He was placed into double locked handcuffs and seated in the back right seat of the patrol unit. Ellingwood was then transported to the Jail Facility where Medics were called for a possible overdose. Ellingwood did not disclose what he ingested. He was released from custody and transported to the hospital.”

The report says nothing regarding the time period during which events in described in the summary portion occurred. Further, the Roanoke Police Department failed to provide any information in the following fields in the report: Death Code; Custody Code; Code of Charges; Intoxicated; and Medical Treatment Description. The Roanoke, Texas Police Department did indicate that Mr. Ellingwood did not make suicidal statements, did not exhibit any medical problems, and did not exhibit and mental health problems.

The 14^th Amendment to the United States Constitution guarantees the right of pre-trial detainees to receive reasonable medical care and mental health care. This is an important right, because people in custody no longer have control over their ability to obtain medical care. Thus, if someone dies in a Texas jail, and jailers are deliberately indifferent to, or act unreasonably regarding, a prisoner’s medical needs, then those jailers could be liable to certain surviving family members. These cases are typically brought in federal court.

The Reeves County Sheriff’s Department, in Pecos, Texas, filed a custodial death report regarding the death of Norma Barrera Avila. Ms. Avila was only 54 years old at the time of her death. We provide in this post information obtained from that report, and we make no allegation of any wrongdoing against anyone.

Our Texas civil rights law firm frequently reviews custodial death reports regarding those dying in Texas county and city jails. The report regarding Ms. Avila is perhaps one of the shortest we have ever reviewed.

The summary portion of the report regarding Ms. Avila’s death literally reads, “Summary can not [sic] be completed until autopsy results are returned.” Therefore, the Reeves County Sheriff’s Department decided not to provide any details at all as to what led to Ms. Avila’s death, whether she had been checked by jailers, or any other material information regarding any illness and/or other occurrences which led to her death.

The Reeves County Sheriff’s Department also failed to provide any information in response to the following fields in the report: Death Code; Manner of Death Description; Custody Code; Code of Charges; Intoxicated; and Medical Treatment Description. The Reeves County Sheriff’s Department did indicate that Ms. Avila did not make suicidal statements, did not receive medical treatment, did not exhibit any medical problems, and did not exhibit any mental health problems.

We know very little regarding Ms. Avila’s death, with the sparse information provided in the report. However, it is our experience that the Texas Rangers investigate deaths such as Ms. Avila’s.

Texas county jail inmates have the right, pursuant to the United States Constitution, to receive reasonable medical care and mental health care. If someone does not receive such care, and dies as a result, then certain surviving family members may have claims as a result of the death.

The Bee County Sheriff’s Department, located in Beeville, Texas, filed a custodial death report with the State of Texas regarding the death of Bryan Lee Nix.  Mr. Nix was only 31 years old at the time of his death.  Information in this post was obtained from that report, and we make no allegation of any wrongdoing related to Mr. Nix’s death.

The new format for custodial death reports in Texas requires only a 2-page form, as opposed to the older 6-page form.  This is unfortunate, because the public is not provided as much information regarding deaths occurring in custody.  Regardless, the 2-page form regarding Mr. Nix’s death provided very little information.  It did indicate that Mr. Nix did not make suicidal statements, and did not exhibit any mental health problems.  Fields regarding Mr. Nix’s manner of death, death code, custody code, any medical treatment, and whether Mr. Nix was intoxicated, were left blank.  Further, the summary portion of the report was relatively short:

“At 8:57pm the doctors at Spohn Bee County Emergency Room ruled inmate Bryan Nix passed away at the emergency room at Spohn Beeville at this time due to unknown reasons. He was brought in to the Bee County Jail at approximately 6:00 pm, by the Beeville Police Department, and was having trouble breathing. Bee County Jail staff performed CPR until EMS arrived and was transported to the emergency room at Spohn Bee County where he later passed away. Investigation is being conducted by our criminal investigation division and the Texas Rangers.”

Federal law, arising from the United States Constitution, provides that people who are arrested in Texas and jailed, whether in a city holding facility or a jail, or a county jail, are entitled to reasonable medical care.  If a jailer and/or arresting officer fails to obtain such medical care, and in doing so is deliberately indifferent and/or acts in a unreasonable manner, then such person(s) may be liable to family members surviving a person who dies as a result.  Likewise, a Texas city, town, and/or county can be liable for such a death, if a policy, practice, and/or custom caused the death.

The Kermit Police Department, in Winkler County, Texas, filed a custodial death report regarding Jesse Lewalter Pritchard with the Attorney General of Texas.  Mr. Pritchard was 39 years old at the time of his death.  We provide information in this post which we obtained from that report, and we make no allegation of any wrongdoing against anyone related to Mr. Pritchard’s death.

The report indicates that several officers were involved in arrest of Mr. Pritchard, who was apparently arrested for public intoxication.  Our Texas civil rights law firm frequently reviews custodial death reports in Texas, regarding those who die either in county jails or shortly after arrest.  Some such reports are written in favor of law enforcement and omit material and important details.  Clearly, we are uncertain as to whether the report regarding Mr. Pritchard’s death includes most material details.  However, the narrative section is longer than what we typically see, and reads as follows:

“On Wednesday May 13, 2020, at approximately 2048 hours, Officer’s responded to a 911 emergency call at 316 Bert St in reference to an intoxicated person, who was naked outside of his residence. Officer Reynolds and Officer Wood were the 1st officer’s on scene, officer’s made contact with the intoxicated/naked suspect. Officer’s determined Pritchard was intoxicated on an unknown substance, and determined Pritchard was danger to himself and or others. Officer’s advised Pritchard’s father if he could get Pritchard some clothes to put on. Officer Reynolds gave Pritchard the opportunity to put clothing on, Pritchard refused.

Officer Reynolds, and Officer Wood tried placing handcuffs on Pritchard, Pritchard pulled away, Pritchard was placed against a chain linked fence in standing position. Officer Reynolds and Officer Wood assisted Pritchard to the ground, Pritchard had his hands in front of his body underneath his stomach area, and refused to put his arms behind his back. Officer Reynolds advised Sgt. Sanchez back up was needed. Sgt. Sanchez arrived at said location, Sgt. Sanchez gave Prichard commands, and if Pritchard did not follow the commands he would be tased. Prichard did follow Sgt. Sanchez commands and placed his hands behind his back to be handcuffed, Prichard was never tased.

Officer’s tried to get Pritchard to walk voluntarily to Officer Reynolds patrol unit, Pritchard refuse to walk to the unit. Sgt. Sanchez and Officer Reynolds carried Pritchard by his arms to Officer Reynolds patrol unit. Officer’s asked Pritchard to get in the back seat of the patrol unit, and Pritchard refused. Officer’s assisted Pritchard into the back seat of the patrol unit. Sgt. Sanchez contacted Sheriff Darin Mitchell to get confirmation to accept Pritchard to the Winkler County Jail due to Covid 19 restrictions. Sheriff Mitchell did confirm he would accept Pritchard into Winkler County Jail. Officer Reynolds and Officer Wood transported Pritchard to the Winkler County Jail, where Officer Reynolds states Prichard was banging his body against the metal divider during transport.

When officer’s assisted Prichard out of the unit they laid him on the ground waiting for chair to transport Pritchard into the jail. When helping Pritchard into the chair, officer’s noticed Pritchard was pale, and laid him back on the ground handcuffs were removed. Jailer Oscar Castillo begin CPR, Sgt. Sanchez called for EMS. EMS arrived at jail sally port, and transported Pritchard to Winkler County Hospital Emergency Room. Sgt. Sanchez was advised Pritchard had a pulse and was being transported to Medical Center Hospital in Odessa Tx, by Aero Care.

On Monday May 18, 2020 Lt. Richard Abalos was contacted by Ector County Medical Examiner Investigator Robin Wood. Lt. Abalos was advised by Wood Pritchard was on a ventilator and had no brain activity. Wood advised Lt. Abalos the family wanted to remove Pritchard from the ventilator. Wood asked Lt. Abalos if Kermit Police Department was requesting an autopsy on Prichard. Lt. Abalos advised KPD would be requesting an autopsy. Phone number was given to Wood, to contact Justice Of The Peace Precinct 1 Keri Jones, to set up autopsy in Lubbock Tx, South Plains Forensic Pathology. On Tuesday May 19, 2020 Lt. Abalos was informed autopsy for Prichard was set for Wednesday May 20, 2020 at 8:30 AM. On Wednesday May 20, 2020 at 8:30 AM, Lt. Abalos was present at Pritchard’s autopsy, at South Plains Forensic Pathology, Lubbock Tx. Autopsy performed by Dr. Thomas Parsons. Pending pathology report.”

When reading this case, it reminded our firm of another case recently decided by the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals.  the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals is a federal appellate court which has jurisdiction over Texas, Mississippi, and Louisiana. Even though the cases are somewhat similar, once again, we are not alleging in this post any wrongdoing related to Mr. Pritchard’s death.

In that case, the parents of a young man who was arrested and died after his arrest, as representatives of his estate, filed suit against paramedics and police officers asserting that they were deliberately indifferent to injuries resulting in their son’s death, occurring from self-inflicted head trauma while in police custody.  The court dismissed claims against the paramedics but retained claims against the officers. 

The young man in that case, after being arrested, and while being driven to the police station, violently bashed his head over 40 times against the interior of a patrol car.  The family member bringing the lawsuit alleged, through her attorneys, that police officers’ failure to act showed deliberate indifference to the young man’s serious medical needs.

The court determined that a reasonable jury could find that the officers were aware that the young man, “in the grip of a drug-induced psychosis, struck his head violently against the interior of [an officer’s] patrol car over 40 times in route to jail and thereby sustained severe head trauma.”  The court also noted that one or more officers told a jail sergeant that the young man had been “medically cleared at the scene.”  Ultimately, the court determined that a reasonable jury could find that the man’s injuries, from which he died within roughly 24 hours, were so severe, and the cause being so evident to the officers, that the officers acted with deliberate indifference by failing to seek medical attention, by failing to inform jail personnel about the man’s injuries, and by informing jail personnel only that he had been “medically cleared” before arriving at the jail. 

Without regard to either case, as a general matter, the United States Constitution guarantees the right of pretrial detainees and arrestees to receive reasonable medical care.  Police officers cannot be deliberately indifferent and/or act objectively unreasonably regarding an arrestee’s self-harm and/or need for medical care.  If officers are deliberately indifferent and/or act in an objectively unreasonable manner, and a person dies as a result, then certain surviving family members may be able to bring a lawsuit against the officers and/or their employer. 

       The Aransas County Sheriff’s Department, in Rockport, Texas, filed a custodial death report with the Attorney General of Texas regarding the death of Thomas S. Kitchens.  Mr. Kitchens was 66 years old at the time of his death.  We make no allegation of any wrongdoing against anyone regarding Mr. Kitchens’ death but instead are simply providing information.

       On October 26, 2019, Mr. Kitchens was arrested by the Texas Department of Public Safety for driving while intoxicated in Aransas County.  He was then transported to the Aransas County Detention Center. At approximately 9:35 p.m., he was received in jail intake. 

       At 9:43 p.m., after telling one or more jailers that he needed medications, and that he had pre-existing medical conditions, Mr. Kitchens was provided with a telephone to call an unknown person to bring his medications.  Three minutes later, he was placed into a holding cell.

       At approximately 4:28 a.m. the next day, Mr. Kitchens was provided breakfast.  At approximately 4:40 a.m., he was brought out to be fingerprinted.  At approximately 4:55 a.m., he was placed into a cell and then ultimately allowed to make phone calls using the inmate telephone system. 

       At 6:58 a.m., Mr. Kitchens was authorized to make a phone call to attempt to have someone to bring his medications.  At approximately 7:05 a.m., Mr. Kitchens was moved to a general population cell along with seven other inmates who were already in the same cell.  At approximately 8:22 a.m., Mr. Kitchens was found unresponsive when officers entered the cell block.  The report does not indicate whether periodic face-to-face observations were being made.  Mr. Kitchens was ultimately pronounced deceased by a justice of the peace at 9:01 a.m. 

       The report indicates that preliminary results from the Nueces County Medical Examiner indicated that Mr. Kitchens was found to have scar tissue from a previous heart attack and signs from a recent heart attack and kidney damage.  The report regarding Mr. Kitchens’ death was not file for several months after his death.  This is a violation of Texas law, requiring a custodial death report to be filed no later than 30 days after a custodial death.

The Angelina County Sheriff’s Department filed a custodial death report regarding the death of James Laverne Denmond.  The Angela County jail is in Lufkin, Texas.  Information in this post was obtained from that report, and we make no allegation of any wrongdoing related to Mr. Denmond’s death.  Mr. Denmond was only 47 years old at the time of his death.

Mr. Denmond was in the custody of the Angelina County Sheriff’s Department, in the Lufkin jail, on January 19, 2020.  At approximately 2:57 p.m. that day, a jailer was conducting a visual observation in the Separation Hallway.  The jailer discovered Mr. Denmond sitting on the floor of the housing unit directly in front of a toilet.  The jailer called for other officers and a nurse.  The nurse responded. 

Mr. Denmond was allegedly responsive and coherent, but he said that he was weak.  The nurse began to assess Mr. Denmond but was unable to obtain a blood pressure reading.  The report reads, “Since no immediate, apparent cause for concern existed, due to this Inmate’s history of similar behavior, the officers exited the cell.”  The report does not indicate why officers exited the cell if no blood pressure reading for Mr. Denmond was obtained. A mattress was placed beside Mr. Denmond to lay on, so that he did not fall off of his bunk accidentally.

At 4:30 p.m., the same jailer was conducting cell checks.  He noticed Mr. Denmond was laying over on the mattress, with his hands drawn up in front of his chest, and his eyes rolled up into his head.  EMS were called, and Mr. Denmond was taken to a local hospital.  Mr. Denmond passed away on January 20, 2020.

Jailers and medical personnel have an obligation not to be deliberately indifferent to medical needs of people in Texas County jails.  If they are deliberately indifferent to those needs, then they may be liable to certain family members of a person who dies as a result.  Once again, we make no allegation that this occurred with regard to Mr. Denmond.  We are simply providing information regarding claims pursuant to the United States Constitution.

The Anderson County Sheriff’s office filed with the Attorney General of Texas a custodial death report regarding the death of Rhonda Gay Newsome.  Ms. Newsome was 50 years of age at the time of her death.  Information in this post was obtained from that report, and we make no allegation of any wrongdoing against anyone.

Ms. Newsome was originally incarcerated in the Anderson County Jail on March 9, 2018.  She passed away on June 15, 2018.  The summary of what resulted in her death is relatively short, as compared to other custodial death reports our law firm has reviewed.  It indicates that Ms. Newsome was in a holding cell due to being nauseated, and was found unresponsive at approximately 5:00 p.m. on June 15, 2018.  The report also indicates that Ms. Newsome passed away as a result of complications of Addison’s Disease, hypertensive and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, obesity, and pulmonary emphysema.

Texas counties are required by law to file custodial death reports within thirty days of the death of an inmate.  It is uncertain as to why it appears that, with regard to Ms. Newsome, the report was not filed within the legally-required time.

Texas county jail inmates have rights to receive reasonable medical care.  If jailers are aware of serious medical needs, and fail to take appropriate actions by including but not limited to having an inmate transferred to a local hospital, then jailers can be liable as a result.

Once again, we make no allegation regarding any wrongdoing related to Ms. Newsome.  We are simply providing information about Texas prisoners’ constitutional rights.

The Travis County Sheriff Department filed a custodial death report with the Attorney General of Texas regarding the death of Naquan Jamar Carter.  Mr. Carter was only 23 years old at the time of his death.  We make no allegation that anyone did anything wrong, but instead are simply providing information in this post obtained from that report.

Mr. Carter entered the jail facility on November 12, 2017, and the report indicates that he had exhibited mental health problems.  On July 24, 2018, Mr. Carter was found in his cell unresponsive.  Life-saving efforts were ineffective, and Mr. Carter was pronounced deceased the same day.  The Texas Rangers are very likely investigating the incident, as is customary when an inmate dies in custody in Texas.

The Jasper County Sheriff’s department filed a custodial death report with the Texas State Attorney General regarding the death of Joel Christian Parker.  Information in this post was obtained from that report.  We make no allegation of any wrongdoing, but we are instead simply providing information.

The report does not indicate Mr. Parker’s age at time of death.  Mr. Parker, on June 6, 2018, some time between 10:30 a.m. and 11:00 a.m., became incoherent while he was picking up trash on the side of the road as a purported volunteer.  He was then transported by EMS to a hospital in Beaumont for possible heat exhaustion/stroke.  The report does not indicate whether and/or when water was provided to Mr. Parker while he was working on the side of the road.   On June 7, 2018, at approximately 10:30 a.m., the Sheriff was contacted by the Jail Administrator and notified that Mr. Parker had passed away.  An autopsy has been ordered, and the Texas Rangers are conducting an investigation.